how could something like this happen in an environment that's this secure and do you feel like we've made a lot of progress. >> that's a great question. i still brief despite this awful tragedy, that we are much, much safer. but what we're safer from is the risk of a catastrophic attack. we hope that the intelligence will help us disrupt it before it happens, like past plots against the new york city subway system. we hope that as an explosion or attack begins, someone mate be able to disrupt it as we saw in times square. and unfortunately, some of these are going to get through. and then what we hope and what we prepare for is a better response to reduce the casualties. we have to think of this as a set of multi layer defenses. and because we have an attack like this does not mean that we are not safe. it means that we are going to live for the foreseeable future with -- what we should take from this is we have to defend against these things, reduce the likelihood of the big, big scale attacks, and then be really resilient. and we've heard that from first responders and bystanders a